Uromacer catesbyi (SCHLEGEL, 1837)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae (Dipsadinae), Alsophiini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies	Uromacer catesbyi catesbyi (SCHLEGEL 1837) Uromacer catesbyi cereolineatus SCHWARTZ 1970 Uromacer catesbyi frondicolor SCHWARTZ 1970 Uromacer catesbyi hariolatus SCHWARTZ 1970 Uromacer catesbyi inchausteguii SCHWARTZ 1970 Uromacer catesbyi insulaevaccarum SCHWARTZ 1970 Uromacer catesbyi pampineus SCHWARTZ 1970 Uromacer catesbyi scandax DUNN 1920
Common Names	E: Blunt-headed Hispaniolan Vinesnake, Catesby's Pointed Snake
Synonym	Dendrophis catesbyi SCHLEGEL 1837: 226 Uromacer Catesbyi — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 721 Uromacer catesbyi — GARMAN 1887: 284 Uromacer catesbyi — BOULENGER 1894: 115 Uromacer catesbyi — SCHMIDT 1921: 19 Uromacer catesbyi — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 662 Uromacer catesbyi — HEDGES et al. 2009 Uromacer catesbyi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 778 Uromacer catesbyi cereolineatus SCHWARTZ 1970 Uromacer catesbyi cereolineatus SCHWARTZ 1970: 138 Uromacer catesbyi cereolineatus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 237 Uromacer catesbyi frondicolor SCHWARTZ 1970 Uromacer catesbyi frondicolor SCHWARTZ 1970: 142 Uromacer catesbyi frondicolor — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 238 Uromacer catesbyi hariolatus SCHWARTZ 1970 Uromacer catesbyi hariolatus SCHWARTZ 1970: 138 Uromacer catesbyi hariolatus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 238 Uromacer catesbyi inchausteguii SCHWARTZ 1970 Uromacer catesbyi inchausteguii SCHWARTZ 1970: 143 Uromacer catesbyi inchausteguii — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 238 Uromacer catesbyi insulaevaccarum SCHWARTZ 1970 Uromacer catesbyi insulaevaccarum SCHWARTZ 1970: 136 Uromacer catesbyi insulaevaccarum — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 238 Uromacer catesbyi pampineus SCHWARTZ 1970 Uromacer catesbyi pampineus SCHWARTZ 1970: 139 Uromacer catesbyi pampineus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 238 Uromacer catesbyi scandax DUNN 1920 Uromacer scandax DUNN 1920 Uromacer catesbyi scandax — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 238 Uromacer catesbyi scandax — HEDGES 2009
Distribution	Haiti Uromacer catesbyi catesbyi: Tiburon Peninsula; intergrades with U. c. hariolatus and U. c. pampineus. Type locality: Île de St.-Domingue. cereolineatus: Île Grande Cayemite, and presumably Île Petite Cayemite. frondicolor: Île de la Gonâve. hariolatus: Haiti, north of the Plaine de Cul de Sac and west of the Dominico-Haitian border. inchausteguii: Isla Saona. insulaevaccarum: Île-à-Vache. pampineus: throughout the Repûblica Dominicana with the exception of the Valle de Neiba and the Peninsula de Barahona, east of the Dominico-Haitian border.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Syntypes: MNHN-RA 8670, MNHN-RA 8671 Holotype: MCZ 92074 [cereolineatus] Holotype: MCZ 93162 [frondicolor] Holotype: USNM 165936 [hariolatus] Holotype: CM 45876 [inchausteguii] Holotype: CM 45875 [insulaevaccarum] Holotype: MCZ 92075 [pampineus] Holotype: USNM 59,438, adult female, Tortuga Island, West Indies, May, 1917, collected by W. L. Abbott [scandax]
Diagnosis
Comment	For illustrations see Mertens, 1939; Mertens, 1940; Cochran, 1941; Horn, 1969; Henderson and Binder, 1980; Henderson and Schwartz, 1984. The subspecies have also been considered as synonyms of U. catesbyi (WALLACH, pers. comm.). Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).
Etymology	Named after Mark Catesby (~1682-1749), British explorer who traveled to the South-Eastern US. For more details see Nelson & Elliot 2015.
References	Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here Cochran, D.M. 1941. The herpetology of Hispaniola. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 177: vii + 398 pp. - get paper here Dunn, E.R. 1920. On the Haitian snakes of the genera Leimadophis and Uromacer. Proc. New England Zool. Club 7: 37-44 - get paper here Garman, S. 1887. On West Indian reptiles in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 24: 278-286. - get paper here Guibé, J. & Roux-Estève, R. 1972. Les types de Schlegel (Ophidiens) présents dans les collections du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Zoologische Mededelingen 47: 129-134 - get paper here Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here Hedges, S. Blair; Arnaud Couloux; Vidal, Nicolas 2009. Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of West Indian racer snakes of the Tribe Alsophiini (Squamata, Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae). Zootaxa 2067: 1-28 - get paper here Henderson, R.W. 1982. Thermoregulation in an Hispaniolan Tree Snake, Uromacer catesbyi Journal of Herpetology 16 (1): 89-91. - get paper here Henderson, R.W. and Binder, M.H. 1980. The ecology and behavior of vine snakes (Ahaetulla, Oxybelis, Thelotornis, Uromacer): a review. Milwaukee Public Mus. Contrib. Biol. and Geol. (37):1-38. - get paper here Henderson, R.W., and Schwartz, A. 1984. A guide to the identification of the amphibians and reptiles of Hispaniola. Spec. PubI. Milwaukee Public Mus. Biol. and Geol. (4):1-70. Horn, H.S. 1969. Polymorphism and evolution of the Hispaniolan snake genus Uromacer (Colubridae). Breviora (324):1-23. - get paper here Klaczko, J; Sherratt E, Setz EZF 2016. Are Diet Preferences Associated to Skulls Shape Diversification in Xenodontine Snakes? PLoS One 11 (2): e0148375. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148375 - get paper here LANDESTOY T., MIGUEL A. & ROBERT W. HENDERSON. 2022. UROMACER CATESBYI (Blunt-headed Hispaniolan Vinesnake). ESCAPE BEHAVIOR. Herpetological Review 53 (2): 349. Mertens, R. 1939. Herpetologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach der Insel Hispaniola, Westindien. Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) 449: 1-84. Mertens, R. 1940. Zoologische Reisen auf der Insel Hispaniola (from Tierleben der Tropen). Verlag Dr. Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main, 155-241. Nelson, E.C. & Elliott, D.J. (eds.) 2015. The curious Mr. Catesby” A “truly ingenious” naturalist explores new worlds. University of Georgia Press O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here Schlegel, H. 1837. Essai sur la physionomie des serpens. Partie Descriptive. La Haye (J. Kips, J. HZ. et W. P. van Stockum), 606 S. + xvi - get paper here Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp. Schwartz, A. and R. W. Henderson 1984. Uromacer catesbyi. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (356. - get paper here Schwartz, Albert 1970. A systematic review of Uromacer catesbyi Schlegel (Serpentes, Colubridae). Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 16 (4): 131-149 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.kingsnake.com/westindian/diapsida3.html https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/374578248100113/ http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~reglor/snakegall/snakegall.html http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/47B3F6FF-A157-4C41-8070-FFE53FD36EDF http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CUlum6t0WaE/TuJYAt8CHMI/AAAAAAAAWPM/ugC1NT_Dbhs… https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/546842087540394/ Google images

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