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Symphimus leucostomus COPE, 1869

IUCN Red List - Symphimus leucostomus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Mexican White-lipped Snake
S: Culebra Labio-blanco de Tehuantepec 
SynonymSymphimus leucostomus COPE 1869: 150
Symphimus leucostomus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945
Symphimus leucostomus — LINER 1994
Symphimus leucostomus — STAFFORD 2005
Symphimus leucostomus — MATA-SILVA et al. 2015
Symphimus leucostomus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 691 
DistributionSE Mexico (Chiapas, Pacific versant of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Jalisco).

Type locality: Chihuitan, Oaxaca.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: USNM 30310 (given as type by Smith & Taylor 1945, although there is a syntype, USNM 30311, too, which was interpreted as lectotype designation by Wallach et al. 2014). Other specimens: KU, UIMNH, FMNH, AMNH, UMMZ 
Diagnosis 
CommentStafford (2005) estimates that there are fewer than 20 museum specimens available in total.

Type species: Symphimus leucostomus COPE 1869 is the type species of the genus Symphimus COPE 1869.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyFrom the Greek “leukós” meaning white and “stóma” meaning mouth. Likely in reference to the white coloration around its mouth (this species is called White-lipped Snake). 
References
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Cope, E.D. 1870. Seventh contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 11: 147-169 [1869] - get paper here
  • García, A. & Ceballos, G. 1994. GUIA DE CAMPO DE LOS REPTILES Y ANFIBIOS DE LA COSTA DE JALISCO, MEXICO. FUNDACION ECOLOGICA DE CUIXMALA, A.C. INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA, UNAM - get paper here
  • García-Grajales, J.; Y. López-López; A. Buenrostro-Silva; V. Mata-Silva 2012. Symphimus leucostomus Cope, 1869 (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae): Distribution extension in the Pacific lowlands of Oaxaca, Mexico. Check List 8(5):917-918 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Johnson, J.D. 1978. Geographic distribution: Symphimus leucostomus. Mexico, Oaxaca. Herpetological Review 9 (2): 62 - get paper here
  • Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Pierce LJS, Painter CW 2020. The amphibians and reptiles of Colima, Mexico, with a summary of their conservation status. ZooKeys 927: 99-125 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Rossman, D. A., & SCHAEFFER, G. C. 1974. Generic status of Opheodrys mayae, a colubrid snake endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ. No. 45, 12 pp. - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. & Taylor, Edward H. 1945. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. Bull. US Natl. Mus. (187): iv + 1-239 - get paper here
  • Stafford, P.J. 2005. Diet and reproductive ecology of the Yucatán cricket-eating snake Symphimus mayae (Colubridae). Journal of Zoology 265: 301–310 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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