Sonora fasciata (COPE, 1892)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Variable Sand Snake, Banded Sand Snake G: Gebänderte Sandschlange
Synonym	Chilomeniscus stramineus fasciatus COPE 1892 Chilomeniscus fasciatus — VAN DENBURGH 1895: 139 Chilomeniscus fasciatus — MOCQUARD 1899: 317 Chilomeniscus stramineus esterensis HOARD 1939 Chilomeniscus cinctus — BANTA & LEVITON 1963 Chilomeniscus stramineus esterensis — BANTA & LEVITON 1963 Chilomeniscus stramineus fasciatus — BANTA & LEVITON 1963 Chilomeniscus stramineus — GRISMER et al. 2002: 28 Chilomeniscus fasciatus — HOLM 2008: 31 Sonora (Chilomeniscus) fasciata — COX et al. 2018: 972
Distribution	Mexico (Baja California Sur: from the central Baja California Peninsula at least as far north as Las Tres Virgenes to southern Baja California Sur near El Triunfo) esterensis: Mexico (Baja California); Type locality: Estero Salina, Baja California Sur
Reproduction	oviparous.
Types	Holotype: USNM 12630 Holotype: SDNHM = SDSNH 30368; paratypes SDNHM = SDSNH 30364-30367, 30369, 30370 [esterensis]
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: Sonora fasciata can be distinguished from all other Sonora except for S. straminea and S. cincta by the presence of an elongated rostrum. Sonora fasciata is sympatric or narrowly allopatric with S. straminea and S. cincta. Sonora fasciata can be distinguished from S. straminea by the lack of apical maculations. There are no simple morphological measurements to distinguish S. fasciata and S. cincta, but Holm (2008) presented a formula of head squamation to distinguish these two taxa. Geographic range may in fact be the most reliable way to distinguish S. fasciata from S. cincta (see below) (Cox et al. 2018: 972).
Comment	Distribution: not in Sonora fide Lemos-Espinal et al. 2019.
Etymology	From the Latin “fascia” meaning band, bandage, swathe, strip, ribbon. Likely in reference to its dark transversal bands along body.
References	Cope, E.D. 1892. A critical review of the characters and variations of the snakes of North America. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 14: 589-694 - get paper here Cox, Christian L.; Alison R. Davis Rabosky, Iris A. Holmes, Jacobo Reyes-Velasco, Corey E. Roelke, Eric N. Smith, Oscar Flores-Villela, Jimmy A. McGuire & Jonathan A. Campbell 2018. Synopsis and taxonomic revision of three genera in the snake tribe Sonorini. Journal of Natural History 52: 945-988 - get paper here Crother, B. I. 2000. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Herpetological Circular 29: 1-82 GRISMER, L. L., H. WONG & P. GALINA-TESSARO 2002. Geographic variation and taxonomy of the Sand Snakes, Chilomeniscus (Squamata: Colubridae). Herpetologica 58 (1): 18-31 - get paper here Hoard, R.S. 1939. A new subspecies of snake of the genus Chilomeniscus. Pomona Coll. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 31 (4): 45-46 Holm, PA. 2008. Phylogenetic biology of the burrowing snake tribe Sonorini (Colubridae). Tucson (AZ): University of Arizona Jones, K.B.; Abbas, D.R. & Bergstedt, T. 1981. Herpetological records from Central and Northeastern Arizona. Herpetological Review 12 (1): 16 - get paper here Leviton, Alan E.; Banta, Benjamin H. 1964. Midwinter reconnaissance of the herpetofauna of the Cape Region of Baja California, Mexico. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 30 (7): 127-156 - get paper here Liner, E.A. 1994. Scientific and common names for the Amphibians and Reptiles of Mexico in English and Spanish. Herpetological Circular 23: 1-113 Mocquard, M.F. 1899. Contribution a la faune herpétologique de la Basse-Californie. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Natur.Paris, 4th Series, Vol. 1: 297-343 + plates XI-XIII - get paper here Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142 Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston Van Denburgh,J. 1895. A review of the herpetology of Lower California. Part I - Reptiles. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2) 5: 77-163 - get paper here
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