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Oligodon formosanus (GÜNTHER, 1872)

IUCN Red List - Oligodon formosanus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Formosa Kukri Snake
Chinese: 台湾小头蛇 
SynonymSimotes formosanus GÜNTHER 1872: 20
Simotes bicatenatus MÜLLER 1878: 595 (not of GÜNTHER)
Simotes formosanus — FISCHER 1886: 60
Simotes hainanensis BOETTGER 1894: 133
Simotes formosanus — BOULENGER 1894: 222
Holarchus formosanus — STEJNEGER 1907: 354
Holarchus nesiotis BARBOUR 1908: 318
Holarchus formosanus hainanensis — BARBOUR 1909
Holarchus nesiotis — BARBOUR 1909
Holarchus formosanus violaceoides MELL 1930
Holarchus formosanus brunnea MELL 1930
Holarchus formosanus brunneus — MELL 1931 [1929]
Holarchus formosanus hainanensis — MELL 1931 [1929]
Holarchus nesiotis — MELL 1931 [1929]
Oligodon formosanus — SMITH 1943
Oligodon formosanus — LAZELL et al. 1999
Oligodon formosanus — GREEN et al. 2010
Oligodon formosanus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 497
Oligodon formosanus — WANG et al. 2022 
DistributionVietnam, Taiwan (incl. Lanyu),
S China (Chekiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Nan Ao Island, Hainan, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Zhejiang, Yunnan)

Type locality: Takou (= Kaohsiung), Formosa (= Taiwan)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.1.4.42 (Wallach et al. 2014: 497), also given as MCZ R-7107 
Diagnosis 
CommentDiet: eggs, including lizard eggs 
EtymologyNamed after its distribution in Taiwan (= Formosa). 
References
  • Barbour, THOMAS 1908. Some new reptiles and amphibians. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 51 (12): 315-325 - get paper here
  • Barbour, Thomas 1909. Notes on Amphibia and Reptilia from Eastern Asia. Proc. New England zool. Club 4: 53-78, 2 plates - get paper here
  • Boettger, O. 1894. Materialien zur herpetologischen Fauna von China. III. Liste der von der Insel Hainan bekannten Kriechtiere. Ber. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges.: 129-152 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here
  • Bringsøe H, Suthanthangjai M, Suthanthangjai W, Lodder J, Komanasin N 2021. Gruesome twosome kukri rippers: Oligodon formosanus (Günther, 1872) and O. fasciolatus (Günther, 1864) eat Kaloula pulchra Gray, 1831 either by eviscerating or swallowing whole. Herpetozoa 34: 49-55 - get paper here
  • Coleman, K.; Rothfuss, L.A.; Ota, H.; Kardong, K.V. 1993. Kinematics of Egg-eating by the Specialized Snake Oligodon formosanus (Colubridae). Journal of Herpetology 27 (3): 320-327 - get paper here
  • David, P.; Vogel, G. & Pauwels, O.S.G. 2008. A new species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from southern Vietnam and Cambodia. Zootaxa 1939: 19–37 - get paper here
  • Fischer, J. G. 1886. Herpetologische Notizen. Abh. Geb. Naturw. Hamb. 9: 51-67 (1-19) - get paper here
  • Francis, A. 2021. A field guide to the snakes of Hong Kong. Regal Printing, Hong Kong - get paper here
  • Green, Marc D.; Nikolai L. Orlov and Robert W. Murphy 2010. Toward a Phylogeny of the Kukri Snakes, Genus Oligodon. Asian Herpetological Research 1 (1): 1-21 - get paper here
  • Günther,A. 1872. Seventh account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 9: 13-37 - get paper here
  • Hidetoshi Ota 1991. Taxonomic Status of Mabuya multicarinata (Gray, 1845) (Scincidae: Squamata: Reptilia) from Taiwan, with Comments on the Herpetofauna of Lanyu Island. Bull. Coll. Sci., Univ. Ryukyus, No. 51: 11-18
  • JIANG, Ke; Tianbo CHEN, Patrick DAVID, Gernot VOGEL, Mian HOU, Zhiyong YUAN, Yuanjun MENG and Jing CHE 2012. On the Occurrence of Oligodon joynsoni (Smith, 1917) in China (Squamata: Colubridae). Asian Herpetological Research 3 (4): 316–321 - get paper here
  • Lazell, J. D. 2002. The herpetofauna of Shek Kwu Chau, South Chinese Sea, with descriptions of two new colubrid snakes. Mem. Hong Kong Nat. Hist. Soc. 25: 82 pp.
  • Lazell,J.; Kolby, J.; Lin, Y. M.; Zhuang, D. H. & Lu, W. 1999. Reptiles and amphibians from Nan Ao Island, China. Postilla 217: 1-18 - get paper here
  • Mell,R. 1931. List of Chinese snakes. Lingnan Sci. Jour., Canton, 8 [1929]: 199-219.
  • Messenger, K. R. 2017. Oligodon formosanus (Taiwan Kukri Snake) Diet / scavenging. Herpetological Review 48 (2): 456-457 - get paper here
  • Müller, F. 1878. Über einige seltene und neue Reptilien aus Guatemala. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel, 6: 390-411 - get paper here
  • NEANG, THY; L. LEE GRISMER & JENNIFER C. DALTRY 2012. A new species of kukri snake (Colubridae: Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826) from the Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, Cardamom Mountains, southwest Cambodia. Zootaxa 3388: 41–55 - get paper here
  • NGUYEN, S. N., VAN LE, M. A. N. H., THI-DIEU-HIEN, V. O., & MURPHY, R. W. 2022. A new species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from Langbian Plateau, Vietnam. Zootaxa 5196 (4): 555-566 - get paper here
  • Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. and Nguyen, T.Q. 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.
  • NGUYEN, SANG NGOC; VU DANG HOANG NGUYEN, SON HONG LE, ROBERT W. MURPHY 2016. A new species of kukri snake (Squamata: Colubridae: Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826) from Con Dao Islands, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 4139 (2): 261–273 - get paper here
  • Pike, David A.; Rulon W. Clark, Andrea Manica, Hui-Yun Tseng, Jung-Ya Hsu & Wen-San Huang 2016. Surf and turf: predation by egg-eating snakes has led to the evolution of parental care in a terrestrial lizard,. Scientific Reports 6: 22207, doi:10.1038/srep22207 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Stejneger, L. 1898. On a collection of batrachians and reptiles from Formosa and Adjacent Islands. J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 12: 215-225 - get paper here
  • Stejneger, L. 1910. The batrachians and reptiles of Formosa. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 38: 91-114 - get paper here
  • Stejneger, LEONHARD H. 1907. Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 58: xx, 1-577 - get paper here
  • Tseng, H.-Y., Liao, C.-P., Hsu, J.-Y., Wang, L.-Y., & Huang, W.-S. 2019. Parental behavior drives large bite force in an insular skink population. Journal of Zoology, 307(3), 223–231 - get paper here
  • VASSILIEVA, ANNA B.; PETER GEISSLER, EDUARD A. GALOYAN, NIKOLAY Jr A. POYARKOV, ROBERT WAYNE VAN DEVENDER, WOLFGANG BÖHME 2013. A new species of Kukri Snake (Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826; Squamata: Colubridae) from the Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 3702 (3): 233–246 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wang K, Lyu ZT, Wang J, Qi S, Che J 2022. Updated Checklist and Zoogeographic Division of the Reptilian Fauna of Yunnan Province, China. Biodiversity Science 30 (4): 21326, 1–31 - get paper here
  • Wang, C. G. M. Z. X., Jia, S. Y. K. T. L., & Hu, C. Z. J. 2022. An updated species checklist of amphibians and reptiles in Fujian Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 22090 - get paper here
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • Zhao, E.M. 2006. The snakes of China [in Chinese]. Hefei, China, Anhui Sience & Technology Publ. House, Vol. I, 372 pp., Vol. II (color plates), 280 pp.
  • Zhao,E. & Adler,K. 1993. Herpetology of China. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522
 
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