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Nerodia erythrogaster (FORSTER, 1771)

IUCN Red List - Nerodia erythrogaster - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Plainbelly Water Snake
erythrogaster: Redbelly Water Snake
flavigaster: Yellowbelly Water Snake
neglecta: Copperbelly Water Snake
transversa: Blotched Water Snake
G: Rotbauch-Wassernatter, Rotbauchige Schwimmnatter
S: Culebra de Agua de Vientre Plano 
SynonymColuber erythrogaster FORSTER 1771: 364
Nerodia erythrogaster — BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 40
Nerodia woodhousii BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 42
Tropidonotus erythrogaster — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 570
Tropidonotus transversus HALLOWELL 1852: 177
Nerodia transversa — BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 148
Nerodia couchii KENNICOTT 1860
Natrix fasciata transversa — COPE 1892: 336
Natrix fasciata transversa — MCLAIN 1899
Tropidonotus roulei CHABANAUD 1917 (fide BOUNDY & DAVID et al. 2015)
Natrix sipedon erythrogaster — ALLEN 1932
Natrix transversa — SMITH & LEONARD 1934
Natrix erythrogaster transversa — BURT 1935
Natrix erythrogaster — BURT 1935
Natrix erythrogaster — CLAY 1938
Natrix erythrogaster erythrogaster — CONANT 1949: 10
Natrix erythrogaster flavigaster CONANT 1949
Natrix erythrogaster neglecta CONANT 1949: 5
Natrix erythrogaster transversa — CONANT 1949: 12
Natrix erythrogaster flavigaster — SHANNON & SMITH 1949
Natrix erythrogaster bogerti CONANT 1953
Natrix erythrogaster alta CONANT 1963
Natrix bogerti bogerti — SMITH & SMITH 1976
Nerodia erythrogaster bogerti — FITCH 1981
Nerodia erythrogaster — STEBBINS 1985: 196
Nerodia erythrogaster bogerti — MCCRANIE 1990
Nerodia erythrogaster alta — MCCRANIE 1990
Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 150
Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 150
Nerodia erythrogaster transversa — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 151
Nerodia erythrogaster — LINER 1994
Nerodia erythrogastra — BÖHME 2005
Nerodia erythrogaster transversa — CROTHER 2000: 72
Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster — CROTHER 2000: 72
Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster — CROTHER 2000: 72
Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta — CROTHER 2000: 72
Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 134
Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 136
Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 137
Nerodia erythrogaster transversa — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 139
Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta — MARSHALL et al 2009
Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta — ROE et al. 2013
Nerodia erythrogaster — WALLACH et al. 2014: 483
Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster — GUYER et al. 2018
Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster — GUYER et al. 2018 
DistributionUSA (Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, N Florida, South Carolina, E North Carolina, Virginia, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, S Michigan, SE Iowa, Delaware),
Mexico (Durango, Zacatecas, Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Chihuahua)

alta: Mexico (Zacatecas); Type locality, "in the Rio Trujillo (known locally as the Rio Florido), at the village of Rio Florido, approximately 15miles NW of Fresnillo, Zacatecas.”

bogerti: Mexico (Durango); Type locality, "in the Rio Nazas, near La Goma, approximately 15miles southwest of Lerdo, Durango."

erythrogaster: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, N Florida; Neotype locality: near Parker's Ferry, Edisto River Swamp, Charleston County, South Carolina.

flavigaster: Florida, E Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia; Type locality: Frenier Beach, St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana.

neglecta: Ohio; Type locality: approximately 3 miles east of Mount Victory, Hardin County, Ohio

transversa: Askansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas; Type locality: Arkansas, Boundary of Creek Nation, Arkansas River.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesNeotype: USNM 126890
Holotype: AMNH 68695 [meglecta]
Holotype: AMNH 84152, a young adult male, collected by Roger Conant, 19July 1959 [alta]
Holotype: AMNH 73163, an adult female, collected by Roger Conant, 29 September 1949 [bogerti]
Holotype: ANSP 5044, USNM 1316 [transversa]
Holotype: USNM 1308 [Nerodia woodhousii]
Syntypes: USNM 1314, 1319 [Nerodia couchii] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSubspecies: Makowsky et al. (2010) found little support for the recognized subspecies as either independent evolutionary lineages or geographically circumscribed units and conclude that although some genetic and niche differentiation has occurred, most populations assigned to N. erythrogaster appear to represent a single, widespread species. Thus we follow Boundy & David 2015. in not recognizing any subspecies.

Diet: mostly frogs 
EtymologyThe name erythrogaster is derived from the Greek words erythro- and gaster, meaning red and belly, respectively (although the belly is often rather yellow or orange).

Etymology of other names are: alta (Latin, altus), meaning high, refers to the uplands where this subspecies occurs;
bogerti honors Charles M. Bogert;
flavigaster(Latin,flavi; Greek, gaster),meaning yellow and belly, respectively;
neglecta (Latin, neglectio), meaning neglect, apparently in reference to the neglected status of this subspecies prior to its formal recognition;
transversa (Latin prefix trans, meaning across; Latin, versus, meaning to turn), in reference to the dorsal crossbands retained in the adults of this subspecies. 
References
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