Mastigodryas amarali (STUART, 1938)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Amaral's Tropical Racer
Synonym	Eudryas amarali STUART 1938: 7 Dryadophis amarali — STUART 1941: 57 Dryadophis amarali — ROZE 1966: 116 Mastigodryas amarali — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 191 Mastigodryas amarali — KORNACKER 1999: 113 Mastigodryas amarali — UGUETO & RIVAS 2010: 244 Mastigodryas amarali — WALLACH et al. 2014: 428 Mastigodryas amarali — MONTINGELLI et al. 2018
Distribution	Margarita Island, Trinidad, Tobago, NE Venezuela (Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Bolivar, Guárico, Monagas) Type locality: Isla Margarita, Venezuela.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: USNM 22534, an 897 mm female (W. Robinson, 13 July 1895).
Diagnosis
Comment	Synonymy after PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970. Not on Tobago Island fide Boos (2001). Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).
Etymology	Named after Dr. Afranio do Amaral (1894-1982), physician, zoologist, herpetologist and Director of the Instituto Butantan (1919-1921 and 1928-1938).
References	Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here Kornacker,P.M. 1999. Checklist and key to the snakes of Venezuela. PaKo-Verlag, Rheinbach, Germany, 270 pp. Lancini,A.R. & Kornacker,P.M. 1989. Die Schlangen von Venezuela. Armitano Editores C.A., Caracas, 1-381 Montingelli GG, Grazziotin FG, Battilana J, Murphy RW, Zhang Y‐P, Zaher H. 2018. Higher‐level phylogenetic affinities of the Neotropical genus Mastigodryas Amaral, 1934 (Serpentes: Colubridae), species‐group definition and description of a new genus for Mastigodryas bifossatus. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 57: 205– 239 [online 2018, in print 2019] - get paper here Montingelli, Giovanna G. and Hussam Zaher 2011. New Species of Mastigodryas Amaral, 1934 from Brazilian Amazonia and Guyana (Serpentes: Colubridae). Journal of Herpetology 45 (1): 111-119. - get paper here Natera-Mumaw, Marco; Luis Felipe Esqueda-González & Manuel Castelaín-Fernández 2015. Atlas Serpientes de Venezuela. Santiago de Chile, Dimacofi Negocios Avanzados S.A., 456 pp. - get paper here Peters, James A.; Donoso-Barros, Roberto & Orejas-Miranda, Braulio 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I Snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 347 pp. - get paper here RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here Roze, J. A. 1966. La Taxonomía y Zoogeografla de los Ofidios de Venezuela. Univ. Central Venezuela, 362 pp. Stuart, L. C. 1938. Studies on Neotropical Colubrinae VI. A new species of Eudryas from South America. Copeia 1938 (1): 7-8 - get paper here Stuart, L. C. 1941. Studies of Neotropical Colubrinae VIII. A revision of the genus Dryadophis Stuart, 1939. Miscellaneous publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (49): 1-106 - get paper here Ugueto, G.N. & Rivas, G.A. 2010. Amphibians and Reptiles of Margarita, Coche and Cubagua. Frankfurt Contributions to Natural History, Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 350 pp Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/399432598948011/ Google images

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