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Masticophis slevini LOWE & NORRIS, 1955

IUCN Red List - Masticophis slevini - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Isla San Esteban Whipsnake
S: Látigo de San Esteban 
SynonymMasticophis bilineatus slevini LOWE & NORRIS 1955
Masticophis slevini — GRISMER 1999
Coluber slevini — ENDERSON et al. 2009
Masticophis slevini — WALLACH et al. 2014: 419
Masticophis slevini — JOHNSON et al. 2017
Masticophis slevini — MYERS et al. 2017 (by implication) 
DistributionMexico (Isla San Esteban);

Type locality: San Esteban Island, Gulf of California, Sonora, Mexico.  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype: SDNHM = SDSNH 3826; paratype SDNHM = SDSNH 41571 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A dwarfed form of Masticophis bilineatus distinguished by (1) a snout-vent length of less than approximately 900 mm.; (2) dorsolateral light line obscured beyond ventral 100; (3) two ventrolateral dark stripes which are fused anterior to a point beyond ventral 50; (4) subcaudals without melanic stippling on midventral surface, and ventrals largely without stippling; (5) a midventral row of prominent dark spots extending from chin to not beyond ventral 40; (6) posterior chin shields relatively elongated, with length of longest going 2.01 (1.92-2.08) times into distance from tip of mental to posteriortip of longest posterior chin shield. (Lowe & Norris 1955) 
CommentSubspecies: GRISMER 1999 elevated slevini to full (evolutionary) species status. CAMPER & DIXON (1994) didn’t recognize any subspecies of M. bilineatus.

Synonymy: we maintain Coluber over Masticophis following Crother et al. 2012, until the Mexican species have been reviewed together with the US species. 
EtymologyNamed in honor of Mr. Joseph R. Slevin, Curator of the California Academy of Science, San Francisco, California. 
References
  • Crother, B. I. (chair) et al. 2012. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 7th edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 92 pp.
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Enderson, Erik F.; Adrian Quijada-Mascareñas; Dale S. Turner; Philip C. Rosen & Robert L. Bezy 2009. The herpetofauna of Sonora, Mexico, with comparisons to adjoining states. Check List 5 (3): 632–672 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. Lee. 1999. An evolutionary classification of reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California, México. Herpetologica 55 (4): 446-469 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Johnson, J. D., L. D. Wilson, V. Mata-Silva, E. García-Padilla, and D. L. DeSantis. 2017. The endemic herpetofauna of Mexico: organisms of global significance in severe peril. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(3): 544–620 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Rorabaugh JC 2019. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists. ZooKeys 829: 131-160 - get paper here
  • Lowe,C.H. and Norris,K.S. 1955. Analysis of the herpetofauna of Baja California, Mexico. III. New and revived reptilian subspecies of Isla San Esteban, Gulf of California, Sonora, Mexico, with notes on other islands in the Gulf of California. Herpetologica 11: 89-96 - get paper here
  • Myers, Edward A.; Jamie L. Burgoon, Julie M. Ray, Juan E. Martínez-Gómez, Noemí Matías- Ferrer, Daniel G. Mulcahy, and Frank T. Burbrink 2017. Coalescent Species Tree Inference of Coluber and Masticophis. Copeia 105 (4): 642-650 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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