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Macroprotodon brevis (GÜNTHER, 1862)

IUCN Red List - Macroprotodon brevis - Near Threatened, NT
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesMacroprotodon brevis brevis (GÜNTHER 1862)
Macroprotodon brevis ibericus BUSACK & MCCOY 1990 
Common NamesE: Western False Smooth Snake, Iberian False Smooth Snake 
SynonymCoronella brevis GÜNTHER 1862: 58
Macroprotodon maroccanus PETERS 1882: 27
Macroprotodon cucullatus brevis — BAUER et al. 1995: 72
Macroprotodon brevis — CARRANZA et al. 2004
Macroprotodon brevis — MONTORI et al. 2005
Macroprotodon brevis — SPEYBROECK 2007
Macroprotodon cucullatus brevis — GRUBER 2009: 115
Macroprotodon brevis — SCHLÜTER 2009
Macroprotodon brevis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 419

Macroprotodon brevis ibericus BUSACK & MCCOY 1990
Macroprotodon cucullatus ibericus — MALKMUS 1995
Macroprotodon cucullatus ibericus — VAND ER VOORT 2004
Macroprotodon brevis ibericus — CARRANZA et al. 2004
Macroprotodon brevis ibericus — LANTERMANN & LANTERMANN 2015 
DistributionMorocco, Gibraltar

Type locality: “small Island (without name) off the coast of Mogador”.

ibericus: Iberian Peninsula, Portugal (but WADE 1988 states that this area is inhabited by cucullatus), Spain  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.1.9.87 (R.T. Lowe, 1858–1861).
Holotype: CM 53178, collected 17 May 1970 by Stephen D. Busack [ibericus] 
Diagnosis 
CommentIllustration of M. c. brevis in Schlüter (2004). Grossmann & Schräder 2019 call a snake Coronella girondica while it is a mis-identified Macroprotodon brevis.

CARRANZA et al. (2004) recognizes 4 species of Macroprotodon: M. cucullatus, M. brevis, M. mauritanicus, and M. abubakeri WADE 2001. They also recognized the subspecies M. b. brevis and M. b. ibericus and M. c. cucullatus and M. c. textilis while WADE (2001) synonymizes ibericus with brevis. In fact, CARRANZA et al. (2004) suggested that the textilis clade is paraphyletic with brevis and both could be renamed “textilis” as this is the older name.

Distribution: Not in Mauritania fide Padial (pers. comm.). For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013. 
References
  • Bauer, A.M.; Günther,R. & Klipfel,M. 1995. The herpetological contributions of Wilhelm C.H. Peters (1815-1883). SSAR Facsimile Reprints in Herpetology, 714 pp.
  • BOUAZZA, ABDELLAH; EL HASSAN EL MOUDEN & ABDESLAM RIHANE 2021. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of Morocco: A taxonomic update and standard Arabic names. Herpetology Notes 14: 1-14. - get paper here
  • Busack S D. & MCCOY C J. 1990. Distribution variation and biology of Macroprotodon cucullatus (Reptilia: Colubridae: Boiginae). Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 59 (4): 261-286. - get paper here
  • Busack, S.D. & Lawson, R. 2008. Morphological, mitochondrial DNA and allozyme evolution in representative amphibians and reptiles inhabiting each side of the Strait of Gibraltar. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 94, 445–461 - get paper here
  • Carranza, S.; E.N. Arnold; E. Wade and S. Fahd 2004. Phylogeography of the false smooth snakes, Macroprotodon (Serpentes, Colubridae): mitochondrial DNA sequences show European populations arrived recently from Northwest Africa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33 (3): 523-532 - get paper here
  • CASTRO-EXPÓSITO, ARANCHA DE; ENRIQUE GARCÍA-MUÑOZ & FRANCISCO GUERRERO. 2021. Reptile diversity in a Mediterranean wetlands landscape (Alto Guadalquivir region, southeastern Spain): are they affected by human impacts? Acta Herpetologica 16(1): 27–36. - get paper here
  • Elbahi A, Lawton C, Oubrou W, El Bekkay M, Hermas J, Dugon M 2022. Reptile biodiversity in Souss-Massa National Park: an internationally important hotspot in the Mediterranean region. Biodiversity Data Journal 10: e79088 - get paper here
  • FARAONE, F. P., MELFI, R., DI NICOLA, M. R., GIACALONE, G. & M. LO VALVO 2020. The genetic identity of the only Italian population of the genus Macroprotodon Guichenot, 1850 on the island of Lampedusa, Sicily. Vertebrate Zoology 70 (2): 235–240
  • Fernández-Ortín, Daniel; Gregorio Sánchez-Montes, Íñigo Martínez-Solano 2019. A catalogue of reptiles of Monfragüe National Park (Spain), with molecular characterization of populations of Blanus WAGLER, 1830 in this protected area. Basic and Applied Herpetology - get paper here
  • Geniez, Philippe 2018. Snakes of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Princeton University Press, 384 pp. - get paper here
  • GROSSMANN, W. & SCHÄDER, C. 2019. Ein neuer Nachweis von Coronella girondica (Daudin, 1803) nahe der Atlantikküste in Marokko. Sauria 41 (4): 77 - 78 [erratum in Sauria 42 (1): 76] - get paper here
  • Günther, ALBERT 1862. On new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 9: 52-67. - get paper here
  • Kane, Daniel; Steve Goodwin, Gerrit Jan Verspui, Anniek Tump, Gabriel Martínez del Mármol Marín 2019. Reptile diversity of southern Morocco: range extensions and the role of the Djebel Ouarkziz as a biogeographical barrier. Herpetology Notes 12: 787-793 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G., et al. 2017. Macroprotodon brevis (Iberian False Smooth Snake) Reproduction and diet. Herpetological Review 48 (2): 452-453 - get paper here
  • Kwet, A. 2010. Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Kosmos-Verlag, Stuttgart, 252 pp.
  • Kwet, Axel & Benny Trapp 2014. Liste der Reptilien Europas. Draco 15 (60): 72-79 - get paper here
  • Lantermann, Werner & Yvonne Lantermann 2015. Reptilien- und Amphibienfauna der Quinta do Barranco da Estrada im portugiesischen Alentejo – ein Reisebericht. Terraria-Elaphe 2015 (3): 44-48 - get paper here
  • Malkmus, R. 2011. Talsperrenmarathon in Portugals Norden. Elaphe 19 (3): 38-43
  • Martínez del Mármol, Gabriel; D. James Harris, Philippe Geniez, Philip de Pous, and Daniele Salvi 2019. Amphibians and Reptiles of Morocco. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 478 pp - get paper here
  • Mediani, Mohamed; José Carlos Brito, Soumia Fahd 2015. Atlas of the amphibians and reptiles of northern Morocco: updated distribution and patterns of habitat selection. Basic and Applied Herpetology 29: - get paper here
  • Montori, Albert; Gustavo A. Llorente, Miguel Ángel Alonso-Zarazaga, Óscar Arribas, Enrique Ayllón, Jaime Bosch, Salvador Carranza, Miguel Ángel Carretero, Pedro Galán, Mario García-París, David James Harris, Javier Lluch, Rafael Márquez, José Antonio 2005. Lista patrón actualizada de la herpetofauna española. Asociación Herpetológica Española, 45 pp.
  • Perez, C. & K. Bensusan 2005. A Guide to the Upper Rock Nature Reserve. Gibraltar Ornithological & Natural History Society, Gibraltar, 28 pp.
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1882. Eine neue Art oder bemerkenswerthe Varietät der Schlangengattung Macroprotodon Guichenot, M. maroccanus. Sitzungsber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin 1882 (2): 27 - get paper here
  • Santos, X., Pleguezuelos, J. M., Chergui, B., Geniez, P., & Cheylan, M. 2022. Citizen-science data shows long-term decline of snakes in southwestern Europe. Biodiversity and Conservation, 1-17 - get paper here
  • Schlüter, U. 2009. Die Schlangenfauna Europas. Draco 10 (39): 4-21 - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R.; Alberto Venchi & Cristina Grieco 2013. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume 2: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Snakes of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an Update to Volume 1. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 543 pp. - get paper here
  • Speybroeck, J. 2007. Enkele bedenkingen bij de Nederlandse namenlijst van de Europese herpetofauna en een reactie op Bauer. Lacerta 65 (1): 16-31 - get paper here
  • Wachtel, Eric 2019. Marokko: Auf Schlangensuche im Nordwesten Afrikas. Ophidia 13 (1): 3-17
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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