Hypsirhynchus ferox GÜNTHER, 1858
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Hypsirhynchus ferox
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| Higher Taxa | Colubridae (Dipsadinae), Alsophiini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
| Subspecies | Hypsirhynchus ferox ferox GÜNTHER 1858 Hypsirhynchus ferox exedrus SCHWARTZ 1971 Hypsirhynchus ferox paracrousis SCHWARTZ 1971 |
| Common Names | E: Hispaniolan Hog-nosed Racer, Hispaniola Cat-eyed Snake |
| Synonym | Hypsirhynchus ferox GÜNTHER 1858:49 Hypsirhynchus ferox — COPE 1879: 273 Tropidonotus ferox — BOULENGER 1893: 241 Hypsirhynchus ferox — BOULENGER 1894: 117 Hypsirhynchus ferox — FISCHER 1888: 41 Hypsirhynchus ferox ferox — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 221 Hypsirhynchus ferox — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 612 Hypsirhynchus ferox — HEDGES et al. 2009 Hypsirhynchus ferox — GRAZZIOTIN et al. 2012 Hypsirhynchus ferox — WALLACH et al. 2014: 339 Hypsirhynchus ferox exedrus SCHWARTZ 1971 Hypsirhynchus ferox exedrus SCHWARTZ 1971: 86 Hypsirhynchus ferox exedrus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 221 Hypsirhynchus ferox paracrousis SCHWARTZ 1971 Hypsirhynchus ferox paracrousis SCHWARTZ 1971: 82 Hypsirhynchus ferox paracrousis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 221 |
| Distribution | Hispaniola, Ile de la Gonave, Isla Saona ferox: Hispaniola: Haiti and República Dominicana north of and including Plaine de Cul de Sac-Valle de Neiba; southern Haiti north and south of Massif de la Selle; Peninsula de Barahona. Type locality: restricted by Boulenger, 1894, to Santo Domingo; further restricted by Schwartz, 1971, to vicinity of Port-au-Prince, Département de l'Ouest, Haiti, but corrected to "República Dominicana" by Wetherbee, 1987. See comment. exedrus: Isla Saona. Type locality: Environs of Mano Juan, Isla Saona, Repub- lica Dominicana. paracrousis: Île de la Gonâve. Type locality: Etroits, Ile de la Gonâve, Haiti. |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.4.96 Holotype: USNM 167298 [exedrus] Holotype: CM 52284 [paracrousis] |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis (genus): Species in this genus have 17–19 midbody scale rows, 123–189 ventrals, 62–151 subcaudals, 1–2 apical scale pits, 7–8 upper labials, 9–10 lower labials, 13–21 total maxillary teeth, and 18–27 dentary teeth (Table 2). Hypsirhynchus differs in at least one of these characters from Arrhyton, Haitiophis, Magliophis, and Uromacer. Alsophis differs almost completely from Hypsirhynchus in ventrals (184–220 versus 123–189 in Hypsirhynchus). Cubophis differs from Hypsirhynchus in possessing a unique hemipenial character: enlarged papillate body calyces in the basal region and medial surface of the lobes (Zaher 1999). Most Hypsirhynchus have 19 midbody scales rows (H. ater and H. melanichnus have 17 rows) whereas most Borikenophis have 17 rows (those populations from the Virgin Islands usually have 19 rows). Caraiba differs from Hypsirhynchus in having a unique hemipenis (Zaher et al. 2009). In most Ialtris, maxillary teeth are grooved whereas in Hypsirhynchus (as in other alsophiines) they are ungrooved (Maglio 1970); in I. haetianus they are ungrooved. Also, most Hypsirhynchus have eight upper labials whereas Ialtris has seven upper labials; the small Jamaican Hypsirhynchus (H. callilaemus, H. funereus, and H. polylepis) have seven upper labials (from HEDGES & VIDAL 2009). |
| Comment | For illustrations see Boulenger, 1894; Schwartz, 1971; Henderson and Schwartz, 1984. Distribution: The original type locality given by Günther 1858 is “Barbados" in error as the species does not occur there. Taxonomy: Hypsirhynchus ferox scalaris COPE 1863 has been elevated to full species status. Type species: Hypsirhynchus ferox GÜNTHER 1858 is the type species of the genus Hypsirhynchus GÜNTHER 1858. According to GRAZZIOTIN et al. 2012 there are only 2 species in this genus: H. ferox and H. scalaris. |
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