Chironius dracomaris SUDRÉ, ANDRADE-JUNIOR, FOLLY, AZEVEDO, ÁVILA, CURCIO, SALES NUNES & PASSOS, 2024
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Chironius dracomaris
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| Higher Taxa | Colubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | |
| Synonym | Chironius dracomaris SUDRÉ, ANDRADE-JUNIOR, FOLLY, AZEVEDO, ÁVILA, CURCIO, SALES-NUNES & PASSOS 2024: 101 Chironius carinatus carinatus – DIXON et al. 1993: 73 [MZUSP 3633], in part) Chironius bicarinatus – BORGES-Nojosa 2007: 236 Chironius bicarinatus – GUEDES et al. 2014: 27 (part) Chironius bicarinatus – ROBERTO & LOEBMANN 2016: 142 Chironius bicarinatus – ENTIAUSPE-NETO et al. 2020: 102 (part) |
| Distribution | Brazil (Ceará) Type locality: Horto Florestal (4°13′23.9′′S, 38°55′28.1′′W; ~800 m a.s.l.), Granja neighborhood, municipality of Pacoti, state of Ceará, Brazil. |
| Reproduction | |
| Types | Holotype. Adult male, MNRJ 27716 (formerly CHUFC 3304), collected by Clécio Aragão on January 11, 1998. Paratypes. Seventeen specimens, all from Baturité Massif, state of Ceará, Brazil: juvenile female, CHUFC 1389, collected by P. Cascon on April 27, 1989 at Mata do Remanso (4°14′34.1′′S, 38°55′46.6′′W), municipality of Guaramiranga; adult female, CHUFC 1414, collected by R. Otoch on September 28, 1989 at Sítio Abreu (4°15′23.3′′S, 38°56′59.7′′W), municipality of Guaramiranga; adult female, CHUFC 2383, collected by D.M. Borges-Nojosa on January 28, 2000 in the municipality of Pacoti; adult male, CHUFC 2747, collected by D.M. Borges-Nojosa on November 02, 1997 at Sítio Olho D’Água dos Tangarás (4°14′16.4′′S, 38°54′56.7′′W), municipality of Pacoti; adult male, CHUFC 2751, collected by D.M. Borges-Nojosa on August 15, 1998 at Horto Florestal, Granja (4°13′23.9′′S, 38°55′28.1′′W), municipality of Pacoti; adult female, CHUFC 2759, collected by D.M. Borges-Nojosa on January 11, 1998 at Horto Florestal, Granja, municipality of Pacoti; adult female, CHUFC 2840, collected by W.C. Luz on June 27, 2006 in the municipality of Pacoti; adult female, CHUFC 3305, collected by C. Aragão on December 16, 1997 at Linha da Serra community (4°13′53.8′′S, 38°59′18.7′′W), municipality of Guaramiranga; adult male, CHUFPB 17304, from APA da Serra de Baturité (4°16′35.7′′S, 38°56′26.7′′W), municipality of Guaramiranga; adult male, FUNED 1012, collected by E.O. Barros on May 22, 1988 at Sítio Macapá (4°15′53′′S, 38°56′0.1′′W), municipality of Guaramiranga; adult female, MHNCE-R 59, collected by D.C. Lima on October 18, 2019 at Museu de História Natural do Ceará Prof. Dias da Rocha (4°13′35.5′′S, 38°55′21.9′′W), municipality of Pacoti; adult female, MNRJ 27803, collected by S.V. Mendonça and L. Tavares on November 28, 2020 at Museu de História Natural do Ceará Prof. Dias da Rocha; adult male, MNRJ 27804, collected by T. Cavalcante, L. Lima, V.L.M. Rodrigues and L. Silva on May 29, 2022 at Pernambuquinho (4°13′21.6′′S, 38°58′10.9′′W), municipality of Guaramiranga; subadult female, MHNCE-R 577, collected by J.A. Oliveira on July 18, 2022 at Museu de História Natural do Ceará Prof. Dias da Rocha; adult male, MHNCE-R 616, collected by J.A. Oliveira on November 30, 2022 at Museu de História Natural do Ceará Prof. Dias da Rocha; adult male, MNRJ 27717, collected by D.M. Borges-Nojosa on January 03, 1999 at Sítio Olho D’Água dos Tangarás, municipality of Pacoti; adult male, MNRJ 27718, collected by C. Aragão on December 18, 1997 at Sítio Pau D›Alho (4°13′32.2′′S, 38°55′34.8′′W), municipality of Pacoti. |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis. Chironius dracomaris can be distinguished from all congeners by the following unique combination of morphological characters: (i) dorsal scale rows 12/12/10; (ii) cloacal plate divided; (iii) two or more keeled dorsal scale rows (2nd–11th dorsal rows); (iv) ventrals 154–162 in females, 149–159 in males; (v) subcaudals 124–135 in females, 132–138 in males; (vi) apical pits present on the cervical and in at least one other region of the body (paravertebral rows, cloacal region, and/or tail); (vii) three or two supralabials contacting orbit; (viii) temporal formula usually 1+2; (ix) after preservation, uniform grayish olive or bluish dorsum with a light vertebral stripe and two black stripes visible from neck to midbody; (x) after preservation, the snout (rostral, nasals and internasals) can be light brown or have the same dorsal color; labials predominantly whitish, except for the last two supralabials, which may present the same color of dorsal series or postocular stripe; gular region, first third of belly, near cloacal region and subcaudals whitish; remainder of the belly olive or bluish; (xi) subcaudals have slightly black edges; (xii) hemipenial body generally ornamented with papillate calyces gradually replaced by a small concentration of smooth calyces on the proximal region at the end of the sulcus spermaticus; (xiii) each longitudinal row of hemipenial body has 15–22 spines and 5–8 spines along sulcus spermaticus; (xiv) ventral surface of the septomaxilla smooth; (xv) anteroventral surface of prefrontal lacrimal foramen smooth; (xvi) 34–39 maxillary teeth; (xvii) palatine teeth 24; (xviii) quadrate-suspensorium articulation with posterior end of supratemporals straight. (Sudré et al. 2024) |
| Comment | Distribution: See map in Sudré et al. 2024: 102 (Figs. 8). |
| Etymology | Named after Francisco José do Nascimento (1839–1914) and the two nouns “draco” (nominative) and “maris” (genitive), used in apposition with the Latinized nick-name “Dragão do Mar” (= Dragon of the Sea, in English), as Francisco José do Nascimento became historically known. He was a popular leader of the harbor pilots in Ceará, who became a symbol of Northeastern resistance against slavery in Brazil. |
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