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Atractus echidna PASSOS, MUESES-CISNEROS, LYNCH & FERNANDES, 2009

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymAtractus echidna PASSOS, MUESES-CISNEROS, LYNCH & FERNANDES 2009
Atractus echidna — WALLACH et al. 2014: 71 
DistributionColombia (Nariño)

Type locality: estero San Antonio, Flor de la Briza, corregimiento Robles (01º42’N, 78º42’W, ca. 10 m), municipality of Tumaco, department of Nariño, Colombia.  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: UVC 7718, adult male 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Atractus echidna is distinguished from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: (1) 15/15/15 smooth dorsals; (2) two postoculars; (3) long loreal; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting orbit; (6) seven infralabials, first three contacting chinshields; (7) six maxillary teeth; (8) three gular scale rows; (9) three preventrals; (10) 127 ventrals in the single male; (11) 36 subcaudals; (12) dorsum light brown with irregular dark brown blotches decreasing in size posteriorly; (13) venter uniformly cream anteriorly and scattered with brown posteriorly; (14) small body size, male reaching 201 mm SVL; (15) tail long in male (23.4% of SVL). 
CommentHabitat: rainforest near sea level 
EtymologyThe specific epithet “echidna” refers to the half woman–half snake monster goddess Echidna (Greek: χιδνα) from Greek mythology. According to Greek legends, Echidna married the massive monster Typhon, becoming mother of all major monsters of Greek myths (e.g., Hydra, Cerberus). Her name is used herein in reference to the contrastasting anterior/posterior coloration pattern of the new species, alluding to Echidna’s hybrid nature. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Passos, P.; Mueses-Cisneros, J.J.; Lynch, J.D. & Fernandes, R. 2009. Pacific lowland snakes of the genus Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae), with description of three new species. Zootaxa 2293: 1–34 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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