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Atractus collaris PERACCA, 1897

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Collared Ground Snake
E: Limitan Ground Snake [limitaneus] 
SynonymAtractus collaris PERACCA 1897: 4
Leptocalamus limitaneus AMARAL 1935: 219
Leptocalamus limitaneus AMARAL 1937: 1762
Atractus limitaneus — SAVAGE 1960: 81
Atractus collaris — PETERS et al. 1970: 28
Atractus collaris — CARRILLO & ICOCHEA 1995: 13
Atractus collaris — PASSOS et al. 2007
Atractus collaris — WALLACH et al. 2014: 70
Atractus limitaneus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 74
Atractus collaris — PASSOS et al. 2018
Atractus collaris — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionEcuador (Amazonas, Napo, Orellana, Sucumbíos), NE Peru, Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá), Brazil (Amazônas, Nogueira et al., 2019)

Type locality: Río Cononaco, Prov. Pastaza, Ecuador

limitaneus: Colombia (Amazonas); Type locality: La Pedrera, Río Caquetá, Comisaria de Amazonas, Colombia
 
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MRSN (also as MRSNT, Torino) fide Passos et al. 2018; Types not traced by ANDREONE & GAVETTI 2007.
Holotype: IBSP 9196 [limitaneus] 
DiagnosisDIAGNOSIS: A form obviously allied to A. gaigeae of Ecuador and A. bocourti of northeastern Perú,but distinct from them in both coloration and scutellation. Distinguished from all members of the genus known from Ecuador in: (1) 17 scale rows; (2) long loreal; (3) five maxillary teeth; (4) ventrals in male holotype 163, in female 175; and (5) pattern of six longitudinal dark stripes and a paired series of dorsolateral blotches [from SAVAGE 1960]. 
CommentSynonymy: Passos et al. 2018 synonymized Atractus limitaneus with A. collaris.

Distribution: see map in Passos et al. 2018: 513 (Fig. 12). See map in Nogueira et al. 2019. 
EtymologyProbably named after the Latin word collaris meaning collar (Lemos-Espinal & Dixon 2013) for the yellow or orange collar or nape. 
References
  • Amaral, A. 1935. Estudos sobre ophídios neotropicos XXXIII. Novas especies de ophídios do Colombia. Mem. Inst. Butantan 9: 219-223 + 1 plate - get paper here
  • Amaral,A. do 1937. New species of ophidians from Colombia. Compte Rendu 12th Congress Internat. Zool., Lisbon 3 [139 (141)]: 1762-1767 [1935]
  • Andreone, Franco; Gavetti, Elena 2007. The life and herpetological contributions of Mario Giacinto Peracca (1861-1923). [type catalogue] SSAR, 570 pp
  • Metcalf, M. F., Guedouar, E., Davis, L., Rodriguez, A., Marsh, A., Pacaya, E. T., ... & Gunnels IV, C. W. 2023. Herpetofauna of Madre Selva Biological Station in Loreto, Peru. Herpetology Notes, 16, 727-740
  • Metcalf, Matthew; Alexander Marsh, Emerson Torres, Devon Graham, Charles Gunnels 2020. Herpetofauna of the Santa Cruz Forest Preserve in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Herpetology Notes 13: 753-767 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Passos, P. & Fernandes, R. 2008. A new species of the colubrid snake genus Atractus (Reptilia: Serpentes) from the central Amazon of Brazil. Zootaxa 1849: 59–66 - get paper here
  • Passos, P., R. Fernandes and Borges-Nojosa, D.M. 2007. A New Species of Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadinae) from a Relictual Forest in Northeastern Brazil. Copeia 2007 (4): 788–797 - get paper here
  • PASSOS, PAULO; ANA L. C. PRUDENTE, LUCIANA O. RAMOS, JOSÉ RANCES CAICEDO-PORTILLA, JOHN D. LYNCH 2018. Species delimitations in the Atractus collaris complex (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Zootaxa 4392 (3): 491–520 - get paper here
  • Peracca, M.G. 1897. Intorna ad una piccola raccolta di Rettili di Cononacco (Perù orientale). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino 12 (284): 1-7 - get paper here
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • Peters, James A.; Donoso-Barros, Roberto & Orejas-Miranda, Braulio 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I Snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 347 pp. - get paper here
  • Prudente, Ana L.C and Paulo Passos 2008. New Species of Atractus Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes: Dipsadinae) from Guyana Plateau in Northern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 42 (4): 723 - get paper here
  • Savage,J.M. 1960. A revision of the Ecuadorian snakes of the colubrid genus Atractus. Misc. Publ. Zool. Univ. Michigan 112: 1-86 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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