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Apostolepis vittata (COPE, 1887)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Beaked Blackhead
Portuguese: Cobrinha-da-Terra 
SynonymRhynchonyx ambiniger vittatus COPE 1887: 56
Apostolepis ambiniger — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 22
Apostolepis vittata — VANZOLINI 1986: 2
Apostolepis vittata — DE LEMA 2002
Apostolepis vittata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 53
Apostolepis vittata — MARTINS & DE LEMA 2015
Apostolepis roncadori LEMA 2016
Apostolepis roncadori — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Apostolepis vittata — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Apostolepis vittata — ENTIAUSPE-NETO & TIUTENKO 2020 
DistributionBrazil (Mato Grosso), Bolivia (Nuflo de Chaves)

Type locality: Mato Grosso, Brazil.

roncadori: Brazil (Mato Grosso); Type locality: Roncador Hill, Mato Grosso, Brasil  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ANSP 11293
Holotype: BMNH 1972.429 [c] 
Diagnosis 
CommentAbundance: very rare. Apostolepis vittata remained known only from its holotype, until Harvey (1999), more than 100 years after its description, reported two individuals from Bolivia, which, however, differed greatly from the holotype. Hence, the status of Bolivian populations needs to be reassessed. Lema and Renner (2004) later reported the discovery of 2 new specimens from Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Synonymy: A. roncadori was synonymized with A. vittata by Entiauspe-Neto & Tiutenko 2020.

Similar species: A. vittata is very similar to A. christineae, hence they may be synonymous (Entiauspe-Neto & Tiutenko 2020). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “vittatus” for ribbon, or decorated by a ribbon, referring to the longitudinal color bands in that species. 
References
  • ALBUQUERQUE, NELSON RUFINO DE & THALES DE LEMA 2012. Description of the second known specimen of Apostolepis intermedia (Serpentes, Colubridae, Xenodontinae). Zootaxa 3325: 53–58 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1887. Synopsis of the Batrachia and Reptilia obtained by H. H. Smith in the Province of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 24: 44-60 - get paper here
  • Entiauspe-Neto, Omar M. & Arthur Tiutenko 2020. ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF APOSTOLEPIS RONCADORI LEMA, 2016 AND APOSTOLEPIS VITTATA (COPE, 1887) (SERPENTES: DIPSDIDAE). Rev. Latinoamer. Herp. 3 (2): 114-119
  • FRANÇA, DANIELLA. P. F.; FAUSTO E. BARBO, NELSON J. SILVA-JÚNIOR, HELDER L. R. SILVA, HUSSAM ZAHER 2018. A new species of Apostolepis (Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Elapomorphini) from the Cerrado of Central Brazil. Zootaxa 4521 (4): 438-552 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Lema, T. de 2002. Nova espécie de Apostolepis do grupo lineata do sudoeste do Brasil (Serpentes, Elapomorphinae). Facena 18: 41-52 - get paper here
  • Lema, T. de 2004. Nova espécie de Apostolepis COPE do estado de RONDÔNIA, Brasil (Serpentes, Elapomorphinae). Comunicações do Museu Ciência Tecnologia (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, 17 (2): 81-89
  • Lema, T. de 2016. DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF Apostolepis (SERPENTES: DIPSADIDAE: XENODONTINAE: ELAPOMORPHINI) FROM SERRA DO RONCADOR, CENTRAL BRAZIL. Caderno de Pesquisa, série Biologia 28 (1): 1-12 - get paper here
  • Lema, T. de & M. F. Renner 2004. NEW SPECIMENS OF APOSTOLEPIS VITTATA (COPE 1887) (Serpentes, Elapomorphinae). Caderno de Pesquisa série Biologia (Santa Cruz do Sul) 16 (1): 51-56
  • Lema, T. de & Renner, M.F. 2006. A new species of Apostolepis with striped pattern from Mato Grosso, Brasil (Serpentes, Elapomorphine). Ciência em movimento 8: 13-18
  • Lema, Thales de 2001. Fossorial snake genus Apostolepis from South America (Serpentes: Colubridae: Elapomorphinae). Cuadernos de herpetología 15 (1): 29-43.
  • Martins, L.A. & Lema, T. de 2015. Elapomorphini (Serpentes, Xenodontinae) do Brasil sudoeste. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 10(2): 93-102; doi: 10.4013/nbc.2015.102.05 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano; Fausto Erritto Barbo and Hebert Ferrarezzi 2012. Redescription of Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002, with a Key for the Species Groups of the Genus Apostolepis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Elapomorphini). South American J. Herp. 7 (3): 213-225 - get paper here
  • Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1972. The taxonomic validity of Apostolepis tenuis Ruthven and Apostolepis vittata (Cope) (Serpentes: Colubridae). Copeia 1972 (3): 588-590 - get paper here
  • Peters, J.A., Orejas-Miranda,B. & Vanzolini,P.E. 1986. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata (Revised Edition) Part I: Snakes. Smithsonian Institution Press (Washington D.C., London)
  • Santos FM dos, Entiauspe-Neto OM, Araújo JS, de Souza MB, de Lema T, Strussmann C, de Albuquerque NR 2018. A new species of burrowing snake (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Apostolepis) from the state of Mato Grosso, Central-West region of Brazil. Zoologia 35: 1-10 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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